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T1

Terms

T1 Frame

The T1 Frame is 24 DS0 timeslots + framing bit.

  • AKA, a D4 Super Frame

SF — Super Frame

  • 12 T1 frames

ESF — Extended Super Frame

  • 24 T1 frames
  • On RX
    • 175 contiguous pulse positions with no positive or negative polarity.

On TX

  • Sends yellow alarm Far End Alarm
  • Next device downstream gets a blue alarm

This device marks the link as T1 LOS Loss of Signal.

T1 Clocking Types

CommandDescription
clock source linederive reference from external device.
clock source internaluse local PLL for reference.
network-clock-participatejoin the TDM backplane of the router.
network-clock-selectTells the TDM backplane to use certain T1 as a reference clock, and share it.

network-clock-select requires a T1 line to be in clock source line mode.

network-clock-participate is required for network-clock-select

Mainboard voice DSPs MUST use the backplane clock. They can’t opt out.

All network-clock-participate devices share the same clocking-domain.

T1 Clocking Information

T1 reads from RX and TX buffers at the clock rate. Slips are reported when data is read at the wrong clock. Sometimes it might sample the same bit twice, sometimes it might miss bits completely.

References

Robbed-bit signaling - Wikipedia

Last Modified • Sunday, June 14, 2026. 5:02 pm UTC+00:00 • Commit: 3aedc3f